气室阵列抑制高速磁浮驶入隧道压缩波陡化数值研究

陈大伟; 姚拴宝; 马健斌; 马伟斌; 周伟; 杨斯涵; 刘峰

doi:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20250383

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

气室阵列抑制高速磁浮驶入隧道压缩波陡化数值研究

高速铁路技术 | 更新时间：2025-12-25

- 气室阵列抑制高速磁浮驶入隧道压缩波陡化数值研究
- Numerical investigation of compression wave steepening mitigation in high-speed maglev tunnels using air chamber arrays
- 铁道科学与工程学报 2025年22卷第12期页码：5255-5266
- 作者机构：
  
  1.高速磁浮运载技术全国重点实验室，山东青岛 266111
  2.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，山东青岛 266111
  3.太原理工大学机械工程学院，山西太原 030024
  4.中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所，北京 100081
  5.中南大学交通运输工程学院，湖南长沙 410075
- 作者简介：
  
  刘峰(1986—)，男，山西吕梁人，副教授，博士，从事车辆/隧道耦合空气动力学研究；E-mail：Lf198187@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52002265);山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202403021221051);高速磁浮运载技术全国重点实验室开放基金项目资助(SKLM-SFCF-2023-006);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2022M712930);山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2023-056)
- DOI：10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20250383
  中图分类号： U451.3
- 收稿：2025-03-19，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陈大伟,姚拴宝,马健斌等.气室阵列抑制高速磁浮驶入隧道压缩波陡化数值研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2025,22(12):5255-5266.

CHEN Dawei,YAO Shuanbao,MA Jianbin,et al.Numerical investigation of compression wave steepening mitigation in high-speed maglev tunnels using air chamber arrays[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2025,22(12):5255-5266.
陈大伟,姚拴宝,马健斌等.气室阵列抑制高速磁浮驶入隧道压缩波陡化数值研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2025,22(12):5255-5266. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20250383.

CHEN Dawei,YAO Shuanbao,MA Jianbin,et al.Numerical investigation of compression wave steepening mitigation in high-speed maglev tunnels using air chamber arrays[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2025,22(12):5255-5266. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20250383.

摘要

高速磁浮列车作为新兴的交通运输工具，凭借着更高车速的优势有效填补了铁路与航空之间的速度空白，但列车高速运行时严重加剧了车隧耦合空气动力效应，尤其是隧道入口产生的高幅值、大梯度初始波前极易发生激化，进而在隧道出口产生显著的微气压波。隧道入口修建缓冲结构是常见的微气压波抑制方法，但缓冲结构通常需随车速的增加而延长，且因其无法直接作用于波前演化而在长大隧道中抑制效果减弱。针对此类问题，采用三维、SST

雷诺时均方程和重叠网格方法，研究600 km/h磁浮列车通过横截面积为92 m

的单线隧道时壁面的瞬变压力和初始波前特征；在此基础上使用一维特征线数值方法研究了分布式气室阵列关键特征参数对初始压缩波演化的影响。研究结果表明：磁浮列车高速驶入隧道时，隧道内压缩波与膨胀波传播反射形成正/负压交替现象，初始压缩波在隧道入口附近形成，距入口100 m后逐渐趋于稳定。隧道内设置气室阵列可有效抑制波前陡化，当气室体积比

(气室体积与隧道空间之比)提升至0.1时，结合优化的连接阻力(如

=1 000 s

-1

)，波前最大梯度可控制在20 kPa/s以下。气室阻尼系数

降低可能诱发波前振荡并影响气室缓解性能，未来需深入解析气室连接处惯性-阻力耦合机制对压力梯度演化的动态调控机理。研究成果可为高速磁浮隧道波前激化抑制及微气压波气室阵列控制技术提供理论依据和技术参考。

Abstract

As an emerging transportation tool

high-speed maglev trains effectively fill the speed gap between railways and aviation with the advantage of higher speeds. However

the high-speed operation of trains severely exacerbates the vehicle-tunnel coupling aerodynamic effects

especially the high amplitude and large gradient initial wavefront generated at the tunnel entrance

which is prone to intensification

res

ulting in significant micro pressure waves at the tunnel exit. The construction of a buffer structure at the entrance of a tunnel is a common method for suppressing micro pressure waves

but the buffer structure usually needs to be extended with the increase of train speed

and its effectiveness diminishes in long tunnels because it cannot directly act on the evolution of the wave front. To address such issues

three-dimensional

SST

Reynolds time averaged equations and overlapping grid methods were used to study the transient pressure and initial wavefront characteristics of the wall when a 600 km/h maglev train passes through a single track tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 92 m

. Based on this

one-dimensional characteristic line numerical methods were used to investigate the influence of key characteristic parameters of the distributed chamber array on the evolution of the initial compression wave. The research results show that when maglev trains enter tunnels at high speed

the propagation and reflection of compression waves and expansion waves inside the tunnel form a positive/negative pressure alternating phenomenon. The initial compression wave is formed near the entrance of the tunnel and gradually stabilizes after being 100 meters away from the entrance. The installation of air chamber arrays inside the tunnel can effectively suppress wavefront steepening. When the air chamber volume ratio

(the ratio of chamber volume to tunnel space) is increased to 0.1

combined with optimized connection resistance (such as

=1 000 s

-1

)

the maximum wavefront gradient can be controlled below 20 kPa/s. The decrease in the damping coefficient

of the air chamber may induce wavefront oscillation and affect the relief performance of the air chamber. In the future

it is necessary to further analyze the dynamic control mechanism of the inertia resistance coupling mechanism at the co

nnection of the air chamber on the evolution of pressure gradient. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for wavefront excitation suppression and micro pressure wave chamber array control technology in high-speed maglev tunnels.

关键词

Keywords

references

肖京平 , 黄志祥 , 陈立 . 高速列车空气动力学研究技术综述 [J ] . 力学与实践 , 2013 , 35 ( 2 ): 1 - 12 .

XIAO Jingping , HUANG Zhixiang , CHEN Li . Review of aerodynamic investigations for high speed train [J ] . Mechanics in Engineering , 2013 , 35 ( 2 ): 1 - 12 .

梅元贵 , 赵汗冰 , 陈大伟 , 等 . 时速600 km磁浮列车驶入隧道时初始压缩波特征的数值模拟 [J ] . 交通运输工程学报 , 2020 , 20 ( 1 ): 120 - 131 .

MEI Yuangui , ZHAO Hanbing , CHEN Dawei , et al . Numerical simulation of initial compression wave characteristics of 600 km·h -1 maglev train entering tunnel [J ] . Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering , 2020 , 20 ( 1 ): 120 - 131 .

VARDY A E . Generation and alleviation of sonic booms from rail tunnels [J ] . Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering and Computational Mechanics , 2008 , 161 ( 3 ): 107 - 119 .

LI Nianxun , LI Tian , DAI Zhiyuan , et al . Effect of streamlined nose length on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train with a speed of 400 km/h [J ] . Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A , 2024 , 25 ( 7 ): 525 - 540 .

KIKUCHI K , IIDA M , FUKUDA T . Optimization of train nose shape for reducing micro-pressure wave radiated from tunnel exit [J ] . Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control , 2011 , 30 ( 1 ): 1 - 19 .

宋军浩 , 郭迪龙 , 杨国伟 , 等 . 高速列车隧道通过中的气动效应动模型实验研究 [J ] . 实验流体力学 , 2017 , 31 ( 5 ): 39 - 45 .

SONG Junhao , GUO Dilong , YANG Guowei , et al . Experimental investigation on the aerodynamics of tunnel-passing for high speed train with a moving model rig [J ] . Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics , 2017 , 31 ( 5 ): 39 - 45 .

OZAWA S , UCHIDA T , MAEDA T . Reduction of micro-pressure wave radiated from tunnel exit by hood at tunnel entrance [J ] . Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute . 1978 , 19 ( 2 ): 77 - 83 .

SAITO S . Optimizing cross-sectional area of tunnel entrance hood for high speed rail [J ] . Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics , 2019 , 184 : 296 - 304 .

姚拴宝 , 陈大伟 , 林鹏 , 等 . 单线高速铁路隧道入口缓冲结构几何外形优化设计 [J ] . 中国铁道科学 , 2018 , 39 ( 5 ): 80 - 87 .

YAO Shuanbao , CHEN Dawei , LIN Peng , et al . Geometric shape optimization design for buffer structure at tunnel entrance of single track high speed railway [J ] . China Railway Science , 2018 , 39 ( 5 ): 80 - 87 .

闫亚光 , 杨庆山 , 骆建军 . 基于气动声学理论的喇叭型隧道缓冲结构优化 [J ] . 西南交通大学学报 , 2016 , 51 ( 5 ): 832 - 839 .

YAN Yaguang , YANG Qingshan , LUO Jianjun . Optimizing flared hood of tunnel based on aeroacoustics [J ] . Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University , 2016 , 51 ( 5 ): 832 - 839 .

陶伟明 . 高速铁路隧道洞口微气压波减缓措施效果研究 [J ] . 铁道工程学报 , 2020 , 37 ( 8 ): 65 - 70 .

TAO Weiming . Research on the alleviation effects of micro pressure wave countermeasures at the high speed railway tunnel portal [J ] . Journal of Railway Engineering Society , 2020 , 37 ( 8 ): 65 - 70 .

钟登朝 , 李奎 , 胡啸 , 等 . 开孔型缓冲结构减缓高速磁浮列车隧道初始压缩波的特征研究 [J ] . 兰州交通大学学报 , 2023 , 42 ( 4 ): 91 - 98 .

ZHONG Dengchao , LI Kui , HU Xiao , et al . Study on characteristics of initial compression wave retarded by open-pass buffer structure in high-speed maglev train tunnel [J ] . Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University , 2023 , 42 ( 4 ): 91 - 98 .

孙浩程 , 王英学 , 古理全 , 等 . 400 km/h高铁隧道出入口缓冲结构开口率对微压波影响研究 [J ] . 铁道科学与工程学报 , 2024 , 21 ( 2 ): 433 - 443 .

SUN Haocheng , WANG Yingxue , GU Liquan , et al . Study on the effect of buffer structure opening rate on micro-pressure wave at the exit and entrance of 400 km/h high-speed railway tunnel [J ] . Journal of Railway Science and Engineering , 2024 , 21 ( 2 ): 433 - 443 .

马智豪 , 景雪蕾 , 杜迎春 , 等 . 高速磁浮隧道扩大等截面斜切型缓冲结构减缓初始压缩波机理研究 [J ] . 实验流体力学 , 2023 , 37 ( 1 ): 100 - 112 .

MA Zhihao , JING Xuelei , DU Yingchun , et al . Mechanism of expanded equal-section inclined hood to reduce initial compression wave by high-speed maglev passing through the tunnel [J ] . Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics , 2023 , 37 ( 1 ): 100 - 112 .

WANG Kaiwen , CHEN Guang , WEN C Y , et al . Mitigation mechanism of porous media hood for the sonic boom emitted from maglev tunnel portals [J ] . Physics of Fluids , 2024 , 36 ( 10 ): 106134 .

张洁 , 王雨舸 , 韩帅 , 等 . 空腔结构对高速磁浮隧道压力波的影响研究 [J ] . 铁道科学与工程学报 , 2023 , 20 ( 5 ): 1555 - 1564 .

ZHANG Jie , WANG Yuge , HAN Shuai , et al . Influence of cavity structure on pressure waves in a high-speed maglev tunnel [J ] . Journal of Railway Science and Engineering , 2023 , 20 ( 5 ): 1555 - 1564 .

ZHANG Yangtai , LIU Feng , SUN Huanwu , et al . Flow characteristics of an air chamber in a rail tunnel [J ] . Journal of Central South University , 2023 , 30 ( 9 ): 3083 - 3096 .

张童童 , 闫亚光 , 康天龙 , 等 . 联通式内缓冲结构对隧道气动效应减缓效果 [J ] . 科学技术与工程 , 2022 , 22 ( 7 ): 2893 - 2900 .

ZHANG Tongtong , YAN Yaguang , KANG Tianlong , et al . Mitigation effect of connecting inner buffer structure on tunnel aerodynamic effect [J ] . Science Technology and Engineering , 2022 , 22 ( 7 ): 2893 - 2900 .

宋军浩 , 姚拴宝 , 陈大伟 , 等 . 谐振腔结构减缓高速磁浮列车隧道出口微气压波研究 [J ] . 实验流体力学 , 2023 , 37 ( 3 ): 1 - 8 .

SONG Junhao , YAO Shuanbao , CHEN Dawei , et al . Mitigation of micro-pressure wave at high-speed maglev tunnel exit by resonant cavity structure [J ] . Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics , 2023 , 37 ( 3 ): 1 - 8 .

王田天 , 冯朝阳 , 陆意斌 , 等 . 400 km/h高铁隧道联通式缓冲结构对微气压波的影响 [J ] . 中南大学学报(自然科学版) , 2024 , 55 ( 4 ): 1618 - 1630 .

WANG Tiantian , FENG Zhaoyang , LU Yibin , et al . Effect of connected buffer structure on micro-pressure waves in 400 km/h high-speed railway tunnel [J ] . Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) , 2024 , 55 ( 4 ): 1618 - 1630 .

雷海洋 , 刘峰 , 姚拴宝 , 等 . 基于特征线法的车隧压缩波演化数值分析 [J ] . 科学技术与工程 , 2023 , 23 ( 18 ): 7969 - 7975 .

LEI Haiyang , LIU Feng , YAO Shuanbao , et al . Numerical analysis of tunnel wavefront evolution based on the method of characteristics [J ] . Science Technology and Engineering , 2023 , 23 ( 18 ): 7969 - 7975 .

LIU Feng , VARDY A E , POKRAJAC D . Influence of air chambers on wavefront steepening in railway tunnels [J ] . Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology , 2021 , 117 : 104120 .

UYSTEPRUYST D , WILLIAM-LOUIS M , CREUSÉ E , et al . Efficient 3D numerical prediction of the pressure wave generated by high-speed trains entering tunnels [J ] . Computers & Fluids , 2011 , 47 ( 1 ): 165 - 177 .

LIU Feng , LEI Haiyang , WEI Mengjie , et al . Improving the effect of air chambers on micro-pressure waves from tunnel portals: Moderate underdamping [J ] . Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology , 2024 , 153 : 106016 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

空腔结构对高速磁浮隧道压力波的影响研究

缓冲结构渐变开孔率对高速磁浮隧道出口微气压波影响

提高尖轨处电加热道岔融雪装置加热效率研究

无砟轨道温度梯度翘曲变形及其对层间特性影响

基于LQG基准的磁浮列车悬浮性能评价方法研究