车轮周期性不圆度作用下的系统振动特性研究

李响; 徐子杰; 任尊松; 何心蕾; 范晖; 盛连超

doi:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251394

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车轮周期性不圆度作用下的系统振动特性研究

智能制造与装备 | 更新时间：2026-07-24

- 车轮周期性不圆度作用下的系统振动特性研究
- Vibration analysis of a wheelset-bogie system under periodic wheel un-roundness excitation
- 铁道科学与工程学报 2026年23卷第7期页码：3457-3472
- 作者机构：
  
  1.江苏师范大学机电工程学院，江苏徐州 221116
  2.北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院，北京 100044
- 作者简介：
  
  任尊松(1969—)，男，四川南部人，教授，博士，从事车辆系统动力学及结构可靠性研究；E-mail：zsren@bjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2368215);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52005232);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20231352);国家级大学生创新创业项目(202410320025Z)
- DOI：10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251394
  中图分类号： U270.1
- 收稿：2025-09-08，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-24，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-28
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李响,徐子杰,任尊松等.车轮周期性不圆度作用下的系统振动特性研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(07):3457-3472.

LI Xiang,XU Zijie,REN Zunsong,et al.Vibration analysis of a wheelset-bogie system under periodic wheel un-roundness excitation[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2026,23(07):3457-3472.
李响,徐子杰,任尊松等.车轮周期性不圆度作用下的系统振动特性研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(07):3457-3472. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251394.

LI Xiang,XU Zijie,REN Zunsong,et al.Vibration analysis of a wheelset-bogie system under periodic wheel un-roundness excitation[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2026,23(07):3457-3472. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251394.

摘要

为了填补多边形与扁疤的相位关系及其对系统振动响应影响探讨的不足，深入研究加强激励叠加耦合与振动响应非线性增强效应。基于实测车轮多边形数据构建多工况激励模型，分析车轮多边形和扁疤激励作用下的轮对和构架振动响应差异。创新性地提出同轴缺陷激励叠加方法和相位调节关系，深入探究缺陷激励的相互作用机制及其对系统振动特性的影响。主要结论如下：(1) 车轮多边形幅值与速度之间存在明显的耦合增强效应，尤其在速度300 km/h和350 km/h、幅值为0.1 mm工况下，效果最为明显，构架振动主要受高阶多边形激励的影响，且主要集中在18～27阶。相较于速度，扁疤长度带来的不利影响更加明显，扁疤的存在显著增强了构架振动强度。(2) 车轮多边形与扁疤的相位差180°(即凸-凹组合)工况下，轮对激励达到最强干涉状态，二者耦合关系提高了结构振动强度。激励叠加后，扁疤在低速下接触更加充分，易与相邻结构形成共振。达到高速后，惯性导致轮轨接触时间缩短，无法有效发挥扁疤作用，此时多边形对振动频率的影响高于扁疤。(3) 具有持续周期性特点的车轮多边形激励作为构架振动的主导因素，主频随速度增加逐渐变大。具有局部冲击载荷特点的扁疤激励对构架振动的影响具有明显的速度依赖性，仅在低速区间具备增强效应。研究揭示了轮轨几何缺陷耦合激励的多形态响应特征，为车辆运行安全与缺陷识别提供了理论依据。

Abstract

In order to fill the gap in exploring the phase relationship between wheel polygons and flats

as well as the impact on system vibration response

and to strengthen the in-depth study of excitation superposition coupling and nonlinear enhancement effects of vibration response. Based on measured data of wheel polygon

multiple excitation models were established to analyze the differences in vibration response between wheelsets and bogie frame under the excitation of wheel polygon and flat. The superposition method and phase change relationship of defect excitation on coaxial axis had been innovatively proposed. The interaction mechanism of defect excitation and the influence on the vibration characteristics of system had been deeply explored. The conclusions are drawn as follows. (1) There is a significant coupling effect between the amplitude of the wheel polygon and the speed

especially at speeds of 300 km/h and 350 km/h with an amplitude of 0.1 mm. The vibration of the bogie frame is mainly affected by high-order polygon excitation

and it is mainly concentrated in the 18th to 27th order. (2) Under the condition of a phase difference of 180° (convex-concave combination) between wheel polygon and flat

the coupling relationship can improve the structural vibration intensity. At low speeds

the wheel flat has sufficient wheel-rail contact and is prone to resonance with adjacent structures. However

at high speeds

inertia causes a shorter wheel-rail contact time

and the flat effect is not effectively utilized. At this time

the influence of polygons on vibration frequency is higher than that of wheel flat. (3) The wheel polygonal excitation with continuous periodic characteristics is the dominant factor in the frame vibration

and the peak frequency gradually increases with the increase of speed. The effect of wheel flat excitation on frame vibration depends on the speed. It only has an enhancing effect at low speeds. The study has revealed various response characteristics of wheel defect coupling excitation

providing theoretical basis for vehicle operation safety and defect identification.

关键词

Keywords

references

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