基于交变电场的寒区隧道排水管防结晶试验研究

贾剑青; 刘生江; 王鹏龙

doi:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251426

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基于交变电场的寒区隧道排水管防结晶试验研究

桥梁隧道与结构 | 更新时间：2026-07-24

- 基于交变电场的寒区隧道排水管防结晶试验研究
- Experimental study on anti-crystallization of tunnel drainage pipes in cold regions based on alternating electric fields
- 铁道科学与工程学报 2026年23卷第7期页码：3391-3401
- 作者机构：
  
  兰州交通大学交通运输学院，甘肃兰州 730070
- 作者简介：
  
  贾剑青(1978—)，男，甘肃静宁县人，教授，从事冻土工程和岩土工程等的教学和科研工作；E-mail：jqjia@lzjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(42261029);甘肃省科技计划资助项目(26JRRA587)
- DOI：10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251426
  中图分类号： U25
- 收稿：2025-09-12，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-24，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-28
- 稿件说明：
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贾剑青,刘生江,王鹏龙.基于交变电场的寒区隧道排水管防结晶试验研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(07):3391-3401.

JIA Jianqing,LIU Shengjiang,WANG Penglong.Experimental study on anti-crystallization of tunnel drainage pipes in cold regions based on alternating electric fields[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2026,23(07):3391-3401.
贾剑青,刘生江,王鹏龙.基于交变电场的寒区隧道排水管防结晶试验研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(07):3391-3401. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251426.

JIA Jianqing,LIU Shengjiang,WANG Penglong.Experimental study on anti-crystallization of tunnel drainage pipes in cold regions based on alternating electric fields[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2026,23(07):3391-3401. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251426.

摘要

为解决寒区隧道排水管在低温碱性环境中因盐分结晶堵塞而威胁工程运营安全的重大技术难题，提出基于交变电场的防结晶技术，设计了低温环境(1、3和5 ℃)流水循环模拟试验装置。根据胡麻岭隧道地下水试验结果配制了碱性溶液，研究了静电场及10、30、50 kHz交变电场对盐分结晶的抑制效果，并采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction

XRD)与扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy

SEM)分析了晶体物相的转变与微观形貌的演化。研究结果表明：交变电场表现出显著的抑制结晶性能，低温环境下的抑晶效果优于静电场，其也存在显著的频率依赖性。在1 ℃条件下，50 kHz交变电场抑制率高达49.41%；10 kHz和30 kHz交变电场抑制率分别为36.85%和38.85%，均远高于静电场的14.88%。寒区隧道的低温环境也会强化交变电场的优势，1 ℃时各频率抑制率均高于3 ℃和5 ℃时的抑制率；静电场在低温环境下的抑制率变化不明显(1 ℃至5 ℃仅增加了3%)。XRD分析显示交变电场促使碳酸钙从稳定方解石相转向亚稳态文石相，文石占比随频率增大而增加，50 kHz时达峰值(如1 ℃时达62.4%)；静电场下方解石仍为主导(占比为58.6%)，同时，交变电场也会抑制氢氧化镁的生成。SEM证实交变电场诱导晶体形态从致密菱面体转变为结晶体尺寸更小、结构更松散且易被水流冲刷的纤维状絮状集合体，使管内残留结晶大幅减少。研究成果可为寒区隧道排水管结晶预防与控制提供技术参考。

Abstract

To address the critical technical challenge of drainage pipe clogging due to salt crystallization in cold region tunnels under low-temperature alkaline environments

which can threaten the safety of engineering operations

an anti-crystallization technology based on alternating electric fields was proposed. A test apparatus simulating water circulation under low-temperature environment (1

and 5 ℃) was designed. An alkaline solution was prepared based on the test results of underground water from the Humaling Tunnel. The inhibitory effects of electrostatic field and alternating electric fields (10

and 50 kHz) on salt crystallization were investigated

and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze crystal phase transformation and microstructure evolution. The results demonstrate that alternating electric fields can exhibit significant performance of crystallization inhibition. The inhibition effect at low temperatures is better than that of electrostatic fields

and it also exhibits obvious frequency dependence. At 1 ℃

the crystallization inhibition rate of a 50 kHz alternating electric field is as high as 49.41%

while at 10 kHz and 30 kHz it is 36.85% and 40.71%

respectively

which are much higher than the 14.88% of an electrostatic field. The low-temperatures of cold region tunnels enhance the advantage of alternating electric fields

and the inhibition rates of each frequency at 1 ℃ are higher than those at 3 ℃ and 5 ℃. The inhibition rate of the electrostatic field does not change significantly in low-temperature (only 3% increase from 1 ℃ to 5 ℃). XRD analysis shows that the alternating electric field can promote the transition of calcium carbonate from stable calcite to metastable aragonite

and the proportion of aragonite increases with frequency

reaching a peak at 50 kHz (such as 62.4% at 1 ℃). Calcite remains dominant (58.6%) under the static electric field

and the alternating electric fields also suppress the generation of magnesium hydroxide. SEM confirmed that the alternating electric field induced the transformation of crystal morphology from dense rhombohedral into smaller

fibrous-flocculent aggregates that are easily flushed by water flow

drastically reducing residual crystallization in the pipes. The findings can provide technical references for preventing and controlling crystallization in tunnel drainage pipes in cold regions.

关键词

Keywords

references

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