涡流发生器对高速磁浮列车气动特性影响研究

杨紫安; 付善强; 王田天; 王钰; 施方成; 陈大伟; 李恒奎

doi:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251533

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涡流发生器对高速磁浮列车气动特性影响研究

高速铁路技术 | 更新时间：2026-07-24

- 涡流发生器对高速磁浮列车气动特性影响研究
- Effect of vortex generators on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev trains
- 铁道科学与工程学报 2026年23卷第7期页码：3123-3132
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中南大学交通运输工程学院，湖南长沙 410075
  2.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司高速磁浮运载技术全国重点实验室，山东青岛 266111
  3.湖南大学机械与运载工程学院，湖南长沙 410082
  4.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司，山东青岛 266111
- 作者简介：
  
  王田天(1989—)，男，湖南长沙人，教授，博士，从事轨道车辆空气动力学研究；E-mail：wangtiantian@csu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(52322215;U24B20119;U2368213);高速磁浮运载技术全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLM-SFCF-2023-007)
- DOI：10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251533
  中图分类号： U271.91
- 收稿：2025-09-29，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-24，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-28
- 稿件说明：
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杨紫安,付善强,王田天等.涡流发生器对高速磁浮列车气动特性影响研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(07):3123-3132.

YANG Zi’an,FU Shanqiang,WANG Tiantian,et al.Effect of vortex generators on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev trains[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2026,23(07):3123-3132.
杨紫安,付善强,王田天等.涡流发生器对高速磁浮列车气动特性影响研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(07):3123-3132. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251533.

YANG Zi’an,FU Shanqiang,WANG Tiantian,et al.Effect of vortex generators on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev trains[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2026,23(07):3123-3132. DOI： 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251533.

摘要

600 km/h高速磁浮列车运行时产生强大的气动升力和气动阻力，为列车带来了更大的运行能耗和运行安全问题，有必要开展高速磁浮列车减阻降升研究。通过三维、可压缩的N-S方程和SST

湍流模型，研究高速磁浮列车尾车两侧布设涡流发生器时高速磁浮列车气动特性的变化规律，分析列车不同速度、不同偏转角度的涡流发生器对列车尾部流场的影响。研究结果表明，所提出的涡流发生器增加了尾车鼻尖处的正压区域面积，改善了高速磁浮列车气动阻力和气动升力。当涡流发生器偏转角由0°增加至25°时，其带来的气动降升效果逐步提高，气动减阻效果先增加后降低。当偏转角为10°时，尾车减阻率最高为1.47%，气动升力降低7.66%，此时涡流发生器的综合效果最好。当偏转角为20°时，尾车气动升力降低幅度最大，为20.82%。更大的涡流发生器偏转角度能更好地改善尾部正压区域面积，但是其自身迎风面积增大会导致减阻效果显著降低。在400～600 km/h速度区间内，涡流发生器减阻降升效果受偏转角的影响规律并未发生改变，偏转角为10°时减阻效果最好，偏转角越大，降升效果越好。但随着速度的增加，阻力和升力降低率逐步降低。涡流发生器能够成功实现磁浮列车减阻降升，但在不同时速下应结合列车气动力实际调控需求改变其偏转角度。研究结果可以为高速磁浮列车的气动力调控提供参考。

Abstract

High-speed maglev trains operating at 600 km/h generate significant aerodynamic lift and drag

which leads to increased energy consumption and safety concerns. Therefore

it is necessary to conduct research on drag reduction and lift suppression for high-speed maglev trains. The aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed maglev train were investigated by using the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the SST

turbulence model. The effects of vortex generators placed on both sides of the train’s rear car on the flow field were analyzed under different train speeds and vortex generator deflection angles. The results show that vortex generators can successfully increase the positive pressure region at the nose of the rear car

improving both aerodynamic drag and lift. As the deflection angle increases from 0° to 25°

the aerodynamic lift reduction effect p

rogressively improves

while the drag reduction effect first increases and then decreases. The maximum drag reduction rate is 1.47%

and the lift reduction is 7.66%

when the deflection angle is 10. It is the most effective configuration. At a deflection angle of 20°

the aerodynamic lift at the rear car is reduced by as much as 20.82%. Although larger deflection angles improve the positive pressure area at the rear

their increased windward area can lead to a significant decrease in drag reduction effectiveness. In the speed range from 400 km/h to 600 km/h

the effect of vortex generators on drag reduction and lift suppression remained consistent with the trend observed in different deflection angles. The best drag reduction effect is achieved at a deflection angle of 10°

with larger deflection angles providing better lift reduction. However

as the speed increased

the rates of drag and lift reduction can gradually decrease. Vortex generators can effectively reduce drag and lift for maglev trains

but their deflection angle should be adjusted based on the actual aerodynamic control needs at different speeds. The findings can provide a reference for aerodynamic control in high-speed maglev trains.

关键词

Keywords

references

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